Superficial Temporal Artery: Anatomical Variation and Its Clinical Significance

Background: The superficial temporal artery (STA) typically bifurcates into frontal and parietal branches in the temporal region. This study describes a rare anatomical variation identified during a cadaveric dissection where the STA presented an early cervical bifurcation. Methods: A cadaveric dissection was performed on a 58-year-old Caucasian female specimen injected with synthetic polymers. The STA was meticulously dissected, and anatomical findings were documented through photographs and measurements. Results: An unusual cervical bifurcation of the STA was observed. The frontal and parietal branches originated at the level of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, ascending separately. The anterior branch, identified as the frontal branch, coursed below the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery, reaching the temporal line without further branching after giving the transverse facial artery as the only collateral branch. The posterior parietal branch extended posteriorly to the external acoustic meatus, compensating for the absence of the posterior auricular artery. This anatomical variation might influence surgical approaches to the head and neck region, particularly in parotid and reconstructive surgeries. Discussion: Variations in STA anatomy can significantly impact clinical practices, including reconstructive surgery, vascular interventions, and esthetic procedures. Imaging techniques, though useful, may not detect such rare variants. Cadaveric dissection remains a crucial tool for detailed anatomical assessment. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of recognizing the STA’s vascular variations for safe surgical planning and improving patient outcomes. Further studies correlating imaging findings with cadaveric dissections are recommended.