Splice methods used for reinforcement steel bars: A state-of-the-art review

Bar splice methods have always been studied and discussed by structural engineers due to their crucial influence on the seismic performance of RC elements and structures. In the recent decades, extensive researches have been conducted on the investigation of different splice methods such as lap, mechanical and welded splices incorporated in structural elements including columns, beams, joints, walls and slabs. A state-of-the-art review of various splice methods is provided in this paper. The significance of appropriate bar splices, different methods applied so far and the objectives of splices are firstly presented. Then, each method is discussed by presenting a comprehensive description, application and installation, provisions of available design codes, benefits, limitations and possible failure modes. A summary of the studies carried out on the application of each splice approach is provided and the results and remarkable conclusions are discussed as well. Finally, recommendations are made based on the conclusions drawn in the previous research regarding the most acceptable performance of bar splice methods.