Experimental investigation of the enhancement of delamination resistance in glass/epoxy curved laminates

Laminated composites with complex structures, such as L, C, or T-shaped geometries, are used at junction parts in the automotive and aerospace industries. Due to delamination failure in the curved or angled region, these structures are relatively weak in the through-thickness direction when subjected to complex loading. To overcome the issue of weak delamination resistance, this study is aimed at investigating the effect of various reinforcements on the strength properties and delamination resistance of glass/epoxy curved laminates under a four-point bending test. Experimental research was carried out on glass/epoxy curved laminates strengthened by combining three different types and geometries of reinforcement. These included chopped short fibers and glass fiber patches between each ply at the corner region of curvature, and stitching of aramid filament at the corner region of 90-degree bending. A 4 mm pitch interval was observed to enhance curved beam strength, interlaminar tensile strength and delamination resistance. The obtained findings show that glass/epoxy curved laminates reinforced with chopped kenaf short fiber, 45 degrees glass fiber and a single stitch at the corner show greater enhancement in curved beam strength by 52.7, 34.3, and 5.6%, respectively, compared to the baseline sample. Similarly, interlaminar tensile strength improved by 69.3, 40, and 78.5% compared to the baseline sample. On the other hand, curved laminates needled with a single stitch at the corner show higher delamination resistance than other reinforcements. The experimental results correlate well with the damage morphology indicated in SEM fractographic images.