Integrated geospatial analysis for identifying regions of active tectonics in the Saharian Atlas, an review analysis of methodology and calculation fundamentals

The present landscape configuration is influenced by structural expansions and ongoing tectonic activities, resulting in notable changes to geological features and landforms. The formation of the Atlas chain is a prime example of this, as it has been sculpted by the combined forces of erosional processes and tectonic activity. These processes have played a significant role in shaping the stream networks and basin topography within the region. Evaluating active tectonics within Cheria Neogene basins holds paramount significance for geological hazard assessment and a deeper understanding of geographical evolution, thereby contributing to urban planning and disaster preparedness efforts. In this study, we investigate the active tectonics processes of the Cheria plateau by employing a combination of digital elevation model (DEM)-derived drainage networks and geomorphic indices. These indices encompass the hypsometric integral (HI), stream-length gradient (SL), transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), basin asymmetry factor (AF), basin shape index (Bs), valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf), and mountain front sinuosity (Smf). These indices are used to calculate the relative index active tectonics (IRAT) through GIS. By combining these indices, we delineate the distribution of relative tectonic activity in the study area, categorizing it into four hierarchic classes. Our determined IRAT values consistently align with known geological features, and landforms. These results confirm that the Chréa basin is still undergoing formation and experiencing significant neotectonic activity. Based on our findings, we conclude that this integrated methodology effectively identifies regions characterized by pronounced deformation associated with active tectonic processes.