Search for Lensing Signatures in the Gravitational-Wave Observations
from the First Half of LIGO-Virgo's Third Observing Run
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2021-01-01
Abstract
We search for signatures of gravitational lensing in the
gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences detected by
Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and
Advanced Virgo during O3a, the first half of their third observing run.
We study: (1) the expected rate of lensing at current detector
sensitivity and the implications of a non-observation of strong lensing
or a stochastic gravitational-wave background on the merger-rate density
at high redshift; (2) how the interpretation of individual high-mass
events would change if they were found to be lensed; (3) the possibility
of multiple images due to strong lensing by galaxies or galaxy clusters;
and (4) possible wave-optics effects due to point-mass microlenses.
Several pairs of signals in the multiple-image analysis show similar
parameters and, in this sense, are nominally consistent with the strong
lensing hypothesis. However, taking into account population priors,
selection effects, and the prior odds against lensing, these events do
not provide sufficient evidence for lensing. Overall, we find no
compelling evidence for lensing in the observed gravitational-wave
signals from any of these analyses.