The essay analyses the Ilva case from the perspective offered by the rulings of the Constitutional Court dedicated to it, with particular reference to the two main strands faced by the Judge of laws: the balancing of the rights involved and the conflict between the State powers. The overall picture resulting from the joint and comparative analysis of the judgments (85 of 2013, 182 of 2017, 58 of 2018) and ordinances (16 and 17 of 2013) is the occasion for some general reflections on the impact of the constitutional decisions not only on the specific case, but also on the setting of the legal-system approach to the environmental question. With reference to the consequences on the specific case, the work focuses on the implications of double “sideslip” operated by the Constitutional Court: the one concerning the choice to use Art. 4 of the Constitution for the balancing test and the the choice to judge on the conflict not only between legislative and judicial power, but with the administrative power. In all these decisions is accorded a pivotal role to the administrative procedure in the balancing of the rights and interests concerned, leading to a problematic relationship between law, political and legislative choices and technical choices. A further challenging profile is that relating to the confirmation of the residual feature of the conflict of attributions: its incorporation in the judgment of constitutional legitimacy leads to the possible avoidance of the question of competences each time it may be absorbed. With reference to the consequences on the environmental approach of the legal-system, the paper reflects on the implications of the consideration of environmental protection only as a means to protect the human health and not as an end value in itself. From this point of view, the constitutional pronouncements on the Ilva case constitute a missed opportunity to bring to the field of law the “Copernican revolution” held in ethics, that promotes a non-anthropocentric approach to environmental issues.
Il saggio analizza il caso Ilva a partire dalla prospettiva offerta dalle pronunce della Corte costituzionale ad esso dedicate, con particolare riferimento ai due filoni principali affrontati dal Giudice delle leggi: quello del bilanciamento fra i diritti coinvolti e quello relativo al conflitto fra poteri dello Stato. Il quadro complessivo scaturente dall’analisi congiunta e comparata delle sentenze (nn. 85 del 2013, 182 del 2017, 58 del 2018) e ordinanze (nn. 16 e 17 del 2013) consente di svolgere alcune riflessioni d’insieme sull’impatto delle decisioni costituzionali non solo sul caso concreto, ma anche sulla delineazione dell’approccio dell’ordinamento dinnanzi alla questione ambientale. Quanto alle conseguenze sul caso concreto, il lavoro si sofferma sulle implicazioni del doppio “slittamento” da parte della Corte costituzionale: quello relativo alla scelta di utilizzare l’art. 4 Cost. come parametro di riferimento nel bilanciamento e quello relativo alla scelta di giudicare in ordine al conflitto non solo fra potere legislativo e giudiziario, ma anche amministrativo. Dal complesso di queste decisioni emerge una centralità accordata al procedimento amministrativo come sede delegata al bilanciamento, foriera di una criticabile impostazione del rapporto fra diritto, scelte politico-legislative e scelte tecniche. Ulteriore profilo problematico, di natura processual-costituzionale, è quello relativo alla conferma, nel caso di specie, dell’esperibilità del conflitto di attribuzioni solo in via residuale: la sua incorporazione nel giudizio di legittimità costituzionale sconta infatti, fra le altre criticità, il rischio della mancata analisi della questione relativa alle competenze ogniqualvolta si possa verificare il suo assorbimento. Quanto alle conseguenze relative all’approccio ordinamentale in materia ambientale, lo scritto riflette sulle implicazioni della considerazione della tutela dell’ambiente solo in maniera funzionale alla tutela della salute degli individui e non come valore fine a sé stesso. Da questo punto di vista, le pronunce costituzionali sul caso Ilva costituiscono un’occasione mancata per portare sul campo del diritto quella “rivoluzione copernicana” che si è svolta nell’etica e che promuove un approccio non antropocentrico alle questioni ambientali.
Della ponderazione di un "valore primario". Il caso Ilva sotto la lente della Corte costituzionale
Tatiana Guarnier
2018-01-01
Abstract
The essay analyses the Ilva case from the perspective offered by the rulings of the Constitutional Court dedicated to it, with particular reference to the two main strands faced by the Judge of laws: the balancing of the rights involved and the conflict between the State powers. The overall picture resulting from the joint and comparative analysis of the judgments (85 of 2013, 182 of 2017, 58 of 2018) and ordinances (16 and 17 of 2013) is the occasion for some general reflections on the impact of the constitutional decisions not only on the specific case, but also on the setting of the legal-system approach to the environmental question. With reference to the consequences on the specific case, the work focuses on the implications of double “sideslip” operated by the Constitutional Court: the one concerning the choice to use Art. 4 of the Constitution for the balancing test and the the choice to judge on the conflict not only between legislative and judicial power, but with the administrative power. In all these decisions is accorded a pivotal role to the administrative procedure in the balancing of the rights and interests concerned, leading to a problematic relationship between law, political and legislative choices and technical choices. A further challenging profile is that relating to the confirmation of the residual feature of the conflict of attributions: its incorporation in the judgment of constitutional legitimacy leads to the possible avoidance of the question of competences each time it may be absorbed. With reference to the consequences on the environmental approach of the legal-system, the paper reflects on the implications of the consideration of environmental protection only as a means to protect the human health and not as an end value in itself. From this point of view, the constitutional pronouncements on the Ilva case constitute a missed opportunity to bring to the field of law the “Copernican revolution” held in ethics, that promotes a non-anthropocentric approach to environmental issues.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.