A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant

Abbott,; and Abbott, B. P.; and Abbott, R.; and Acernese, T. D.; and Ackley, F.; and Adams, K.; and Adams, C.; and Addesso, T.; and Adhikari, P.; and Adya, R. X.; and Affeldt, V. B.; and Afrough, C.; and Agarwal, M.; and Agathos, B.; and Agatsuma, M.; and Aggarwal, K.; and Aguiar, N.; and Aiello, O. D.; and Ain, L.; and Ajith, A.; and Allen, P.; and Allen, B.; and Allocca, G.; and Altin, A.; and Amato, P. A.; and Ananyeva, A.; and Anderson, A.; and Anderson, S. B.; and Angelova, W. G.; and Antier, S. V.; and Appert, S.; and Arai, S.; and Araya, K.; and Areeda, M. C.; and Arnaud, J. S.; and Arun, N.; and Ascenzi, K. G.; and Ashton, S.; and Ast, G.; and Aston, M.; and Astone, S. M.; and Atallah, P.; and Aufmuth, D. V.; and Aulbert, P.; and AultO'Neal, C.; and Austin, K.; and Avila-Alvarez, C.; and Babak, A.; and Bacon, S.; and Bader, P.; and Bae, M. K. M.; and Baker, S.; and Baldaccini, P. T.; and Ballardin, F.; and Ballmer, G.; and Banagiri, S. W.; and Barayoga, S.; and Barclay, J. C.; and Barish, S. E.; and Barker, B. C.; and Barkett, D.; and Barone, K.; and Barr, F.; and Barsotti, B.; and Barsuglia, L.; and Barta, M.; and Bartlett, D.; and Bartos, J.; and Bassiri, I.; and Basti, R.; and Batch, N.; and Bawaj, J. C.; and Bayley, M.; and Bazzan, J. C.; and Becsy, M.; and Beer, B.; and Bejger, C.; and Belahcene, M.; and Bell, I.; and Berger, A. S.; and Bergmann, B. K.; and Bero, G.; and Berry, J. J.; and Bersanetti, C. P. L.; and Bertolini, D.; and Betzwieser, A.; and Bhagwat, J.; and Bhandare, S.; and Bilenko, R.; and Billingsley, I. A.; and Billman, G.; and Birch, C. R.; and Birney, J.; and Birnholtz, R.; and Biscans, O.; and Biscoveanu, S.; and Bisht, S.; and Bitossi, A.; and Biwer, M.; and Bizouard, C.; and Blackburn, A.; and Blackman, J. K.; and Blair, J.; and Blair, C. D.; and Blair, D. G.; and Bloemen, R. M.; and Bock, S.; and Bode, O.; and Boer, N.; and Bogaert, M.; and Bohe, G.; and Bondu, A.; and Bonilla, F.; and Bonnand, E.; and Boom, R.; and Bork, B. A.; and Boschi, R.; and Bose, V.; and Bossie, S.; and Bouffanais, K.; and Bozzi, Y.; and Bradaschia, A.; and Brady, C.; and Branchesi, P. R.; and Brau, M.; and Briant, J. E.; and Brillet, T.; and Brinkmann, A.; and Brisson, M.; and Brockill, V.; and Broida, R.; and Brooks, J. E.; and Brown, N. F.; and Brown, D. A.; and Brunett, D. D.; and Buchanan, S.; and Buikema, C. C.; and Bulik, A.; and Bulten, H.; and Buonanno, H. J.; and Buskulic, A.; and Buy, D.; and Byer, C.; and Cabero, R. L.; and Cadonati, M.; and Cagnoli, L.; and Cahillane, G.; and Bustillo, C.; Calderon and Callister, J.; and Calloni, T. A.; and Camp, E.; and Canepa, J. B.; and Canizares, M.; and Cannon, P.; and Cao, K. C.; and Cao, H.; and Capano, J.; and Capocasa, C. D.; and Carbognani, E.; and Caride, F.; and Carney, S.; and Diaz, M. F.; Casanueva and Casentini, J.; and Caudill, C.; and Cavaglia, S.; and Cavalier, M.; and Cavalieri, F.; and Cella, R.; and Cepeda, G.; and Cerda-Duran, C. B.; and Cerretani, P.; and Cesarini, G.; and Chamberlin, E.; and Chan, S. J.; and Chao, M.; and Charlton, S.; and Chase, P.; and Chassande-Mottin, E.; and Chatterjee, E.; and Chatziioannou, D.; and Cheeseboro, K.; and Chen, B. D.; and Chen, H. Y.; and Chen, X.; and Cheng, Y.; and Chia, H. -. P.; and Chincarini, H.; and Chiummo, N.; and Chmiel, A.; and Cho, T.; and Cho, H. S.; and Chow, M.; and Christensen, J. H.; and Chu, N.; and Chua, Q.; and Chua, A. J. K.; and Chung, S.; and Chung, A. K. W.; and Ciani, S.; and Ciolfi, G.; and Cirelli, R.; and Cirone, C. E.; and Clara, N.; and Clark, F.; and Clearwater, J. A.; and Cleva, P.; and Cocchieri, F.; and Coccia, C.; and Cohadon, E.; and Cohen, P. -. F.; and Colla, D.; and Collette, A.; and Cominsky, C. G.; and Constancio, L. R.; J. r.,; and Conti, M.; and Cooper, L.; and Corban, S. J.; and Corbitt, P.; and Cordero-Carrion, T. R.; and Corley, I.; and Cornish, K. R.; and Corsi, N.; and Cortese, A.; and Costa, S.; and Coughlin, C. A.; and Coughlin, M. W.; and Coulon, S. B.; and Countryman, J. -. P.; and Couvares, S. T.; and Covas, P.; and Cowan, P. B.; and Coward, E. E.; and Cowart, D. M.; and Coyne, M. J.; and Coyne, D. C.; and Creighton, R.; and Creighton, J. D. E.; and Cripe, T. D.; and Crowder, J.; and Cullen, S. G.; and Cumming, T. J.; and Cunningham, A.; and Cuoco, L.; and Dal Canton, E.; and Dalya, T.; and Danilishin, G.; and D'Antonio, S. L.; and Danzmann, S.; and Dasgupta, K.; and Costa, A.; Da Silva and Datrier, C. F.; and Dattilo, L. E. H.; and Dave, V.; and Davier, I.; and Davis, M.; and Daw, E. J.; and Day, E. J.; and De, B.; and DeBra, S.; and Degallaix, D.; and De laurentis, J.; and Deleglise, M.; and Del Pozzo, S.; and Demos, W.; and Denker, N.; and Dent, T.; and De Pietri, T.; and Dergachev, R.; and De Rosa, V.; and DeRosa, R.; and De Rossi, R. T.; and DeSalvo, C.; and de Verona, R.; and Devenson, O.; and Dhurancihar, J.; and Diaz, S.; and Di Fiore, M. C.; and Di Giovanni, L.; and Di Girolamo, M.; and Di Lieto, T.; and Di Pace, A.; and Di Palma, S.; and Di Renzo, I.; and Doctor, F.; and Dolique, Z.; and Donovan, V.; and Dooley, F.; and Doravari, K. L.; and Dorrington, S.; and Douglas, I.; and Alvarez, R.; Dovale and Downes, M.; and Drago, T. P.; and Dreissigacker, M.; and Driggers, C.; and Du, J. C.; and Ducrot, Z.; and Dupej, M.; and Dwyer, P.; and Edo, S. E.; and Edwards, T. B.; and Effler, M. C.; and Eggenstein, N.; and Ehrens, H. -. B.; and Eichholz, P.; and Eikenberry, J.; and Eisenstein, S. S.; and Essick, R. A.; and Estevez, R. C.; and Etienne, D.; and Etzel, Z. B.; and Evans, T.; and Evans, M.; and Factourovich, T. M.; and Fafone, M.; and Fair, V.; and Fairhurst, H.; and Fan, S.; and Farinon, X.; and Farr, S.; and Farr, B.; and Fauchon-Jones, W. M.; and Favata, E. J.; and Fays, M.; and Fee, M.; and Fehrmann, C.; and Feicht, H.; and Fejer, J.; and Fernandez-Galiana, M. M.; and Ferrante, A.; and Ferreira, I.; and Ferrini, E. C.; and Fidecaro, F.; and Finstad, F.; and Fiori, D.; and Fiorucci, I.; and Fishbach, D.; and Fisher, M.; and Fitz-Axen, R. P.; and Flaminio, M.; and Fletcher, R.; and Fong, M.; and Font, H.; and Forsyth, J. A.; and Forsyth, P. W. F.; and Fournier, S. S.; and Frasca, J. -. D.; and Frasconi, S.; and Frei, E.; and Freise, Z.; and Frey, A.; and Frey, R.; and Fries, V.; and Fritschel, E. M.; and Frolov, P.; and Fulda, V. V.; and Fyffe, P.; and Gabbard, M.; and Gadre, H.; and Gaebel, B. U.; and Gair, S. M.; and Gammaitoni, J. R.; and Ganija, L.; and Gaonkar, M. R.; and Garcia-Quiros, S. G.; and Garufi, C.; and Gateley, F.; and Gaudio, B.; and Gaur, S.; and Gayathril, G.; and Gehrels, V.; and Gemme, N.; and Genin, G.; and Gennai, E.; and George, A.; and George, D.; and Gergely, J.; and Germain, L.; and Ghonge, V.; and Ghosh, S.; Abhirup and Ghosh,; Archisman and Ghosh,; and Giaime, S.; and Giardina, J. A.; and Giazotto, K. D.; and Gill, A.; and Glover, K.; and Goetz, L.; and Goetz, E.; and Gomes, R.; and Goncharov, S.; and Gonzalez, B.; and Castro, G.; Gonzalez and Gopakumar, J. M.; and Gorodetsky, A.; and Gossan, M. L.; and Gosselin, S. E.; and Gouaty, M.; and Grado, R.; and Graef, A.; and Granata, C.; and Grant, M.; and Gras, A.; and Gray, S.; and Greco, C.; and Green, G.; and Gretarsson, A. C.; and Groot, E. M.; and Grote, P.; and Grunewald, H.; and Gruning, S.; and Guidi, P.; and Guo, G. M.; and Gupta, X.; and Gupta, A.; and Gushwa, M. K.; and Gustafson, K. E.; and Gustafson, E. K.; and Halim, R.; and Hall, O.; and Hall, B. R.; and Hamilton, E. D.; and Hammond, E. Z.; and Haney, G.; and Hanke, M.; and Hanks, M. M.; and Hanna, J.; and Hannam, C.; and Hannuksela, M. D.; and Hanson, O. A.; and Hardwick, J.; and Harms, I.; and Harry, J.; and Harry, G. M.; and Hart, I. W.; and Hester, M. J.; and Haughian, C. -. J.; and Healy, K.; and Heidmann, J.; and Heintze, N.; and Heitmann, M. C.; and Hello, H.; and Hemming, P.; and Hendry, G.; and Heng, M.; and Hennig, I. S.; and Heptonstall, J.; and Heurs, A. W.; and Hild, M.; and Hinderer, S.; and Hoak, T.; and Hofman, D.; and Holt, D.; and Holz, K.; and Hopkins, D. E.; and Horst, P.; and Hough, C.; and Houston, J.; and Howell, E. A.; and Hreibi, E. J.; and Hu, A.; and Huerta, Y. M.; and Huet, E. A.; and Hughey, D.; and Husa, B.; and Huttner, S.; and Huynh-Dinh, S. H.; and Indik, T.; and Inta, N.; and Intini, R.; and Isa, G.; and Isac, H. N.; and Isi, J. -. M.; and Iyer, M.; and Izumi, B. R.; and Jacqmin, K.; and Jani, T.; and Jaranowski, K.; and Jawahar, P.; and Jimenez-Forteza, S.; and Johnson, F.; and Jones, W. W.; and Jones, D. I.; and Jonker, R.; and Ju, R. J. G.; and Junker, L.; and Kalaghatgi, J.; and Kalogera, C. V.; and Kamai, V.; and Kandhasamy, B.; and Kang, S.; and Kanner, G.; and Kapadia, J. B.; and Karki, S. J.; and Karvinen, S.; and Kasprzack, K. S.; and Katolik, M.; and Katsavounidis, M.; and Katzman, E.; and Kaufer, W.; and Kawabe, S.; and Kefelian, K.; and Keitel, E.; and Kemball, D.; and Kennedy, A. J.; and Kent, R.; and Key, C.; and Khalili, J. S.; and Khan, F. Y.; and Khan, I.; and Khan, S.; and Khazanov, Z.; and Kijbunchoo, E. A.; and Kim, N.; Chunglee and Kim,; and Kim, J. C.; and Kim, K.; and Kim, W.; and Kim, W. S.; and Kimbrell, Y. -. M.; and King, S. J.; and King, E. J.; and Kinley-Hanlon, P. J.; and Kirchhoff, M.; and Kissel, R.; and Kleybolte, J. S.; and Klimenko, L.; and Knowles, S.; and Koch, T. D.; and Koehlenbeck, P.; and Koley, S. M.; and Kondrashov, S.; and Kontos, V.; and Korobko, A.; and Korth, M.; and Kowalska, W. Z.; and Kozak, I.; and Kraemer, D. B.; and Kringel, C.; and Krishnan, V.; and Krolak, B.; and Kuehn, A.; and Kumar, G.; and Kumar, P.; and Kumar, R.; and Kuo, S.; and Kutynia, L.; and Kwang, A.; and Lackey, S.; and Lai, B. D.; and Landry, K. H.; and Lang, M.; and Lange, R. N.; and Lantz, J.; and Lanza, B.; and Lartaux-Vollard, R. K.; and Lasky, N.; and Laxen, P. D.; and Lazzarini, M.; and Lazzaro, A.; and Leaci, C.; and Leavey, P.; and Lee, S.; and Lee, C. H.; and Lee, H. K.; and Lee, H. M.; and Lee, H. W.; and Lehmann, K.; and Lenon, J.; and Leonardi, A.; and Leroy, M.; and Letendre, N.; and Levin, N.; and Li, Y.; and Linker, T. G. F.; and Littenberg, S. D.; and Liu, T. B.; and Liu, J.; and Lo, X.; and Lockerbie, R. K. L.; and London, N. N.; and Lord, L. T.; and Lorenzini, J. E.; and Loriette, M.; and Lormand, V.; and Losurdo, M.; and Lough, G.; and Lousto, J. D.; and Lovelace, C. O.; and Lueock, G.; and Lumaca, H.; and Lundgren, D.; and Lynch, A. P.; and Ma, R.; and Macas, Y.; and Macfoy, R.; and Machenschalk, S.; and Maclnnis, B.; and Macleod, M.; and Hernandez, D. M.; Magana and Magana-Sandoval, I.; and Zertuche, F.; Magana and Magee, L.; and Majorana, R. M.; and Maksimovic, E.; and Man, I.; and Mandic, N.; and Mangano, V.; and Mansell, V.; and Manske, G. L.; and Mantovani, M.; Marchesoni, F.; Marion, And; and Marka, F.; and Marka, S.; and Markakis, Z.; and Markosyan, C.; and Markowitz, A. S.; and Maros, A.; and Marquina, E.; and Martelli, A.; and Martellini, F.; and Martin, L.; and Martin, I. W.; and Martynov, R. M.; and Mason, D. V.; and Massera, K.; and Masserot, E.; and Massinger, A.; and Masso-Reid, T. J.; and Mastrogiovanni, M.; and Matas, S.; and Matichard, A.; and Matone, F.; and Mavalvala, L.; and Mazumder, N.; and McCarthy, N.; and McClelland, R.; and McCormick, D. E.; and McCuller, S.; and McGuire, L.; and McIntyre, S. C.; and McIver, G.; and McManus, J.; and McNeill, D. J.; and McRae, L.; and McWilliams, T.; and Meacher, S. T.; and Meadors, D.; and Mehmet, G. D.; and Meidam, M.; and Mejuto-Villa, J.; and Melatos, E.; and Mendell, A.; and Mercer, G.; and Merilh, R. A.; and Merzougui, E. L.; and Meshkov, M.; and Messenger, S.; and Messick, C.; and Metzdorff, C.; and Meyers, R.; and Miao, P. M.; and Michel, H.; and Middleton, C.; and Mikhailov, H.; and Milano, E. E.; and Miller, L.; and Miller, A. L.; and Miller, B. B.; and Millhouse, J.; and Milovich-Goff, M.; and Minazzoli, M. C.; and Minenkov, O.; and Ming, Y.; and Mishra, J.; and Mitra, C.; and Mitrofanov, S.; and Mitselmakher, V. R.; and Mittleman, G.; and Moffa, R.; and Moggi, D.; and Mogushi, N.; and Mohan, K.; and Mohapatra, M.; and Montani, S. R. P.; and Moore, M.; and Moraru, C. J.; and Moreno, D.; and Morriss, G.; and Mours, S. R.; and Mow-Lowry, B.; and Mueller, C. M.; and Muir, G.; and Mukherjee, A. W.; Arunava and Mukherjee,; and Mukherjee, D.; and Mukund, S.; and Mullavey, N.; and Munch, A.; and Muniz, J.; and Muratore, E. A.; and Murray, M.; and Napier, P. G.; and Nardecchia, K.; and Naticchioni, I.; and Nayak, L.; and Neilson, R. K.; and Nelemans, J.; and Nelson, G.; and Nery, T. J. N.; and Neunzert, M.; and Nevin, A.; and Newport, L.; and Newton, J. M.; and Ng, G.; and Nguyen, K. K. Y.; and Nichols, T. T.; and Nielsen, D.; and Nissanke, A. B.; and Nitz, S.; and Noack, A.; and Nocera, A.; and Nolting, F.; and North, D.; and Nuttall, C.; and Oberling, L. K.; and O'Dea, J.; and Ogin, G. D.; and Oh, G. H.; and Oh, J. J.; and Ohme, S. H.; and Okada, F.; and Oliver, M. A.; and Oppermann, M.; and Oram, P.; and O'Reilly, Richard J.; and Ormiston, B.; and Ortega, R.; and O'Shaughnessy, L. F.; and Ossokine, R.; and Ottaway, S.; and Overmier, D. J.; and Owen, H.; and Pace, B. J.; and Page, A. E.; and Page, J.; and Pai, M. A.; and Pai, A.; and Palamos, S. A.; and Palashov, J. R.; and Palomba, O.; and Pal-Singh, C.; and Pan, A.; Howard and Pan,; Huang-Wei and Pang,; and Pang, B.; and Pankow, P. T. H.; and Pannarale, C.; and Pant, F.; and Paoletti, B. C.; and Paoli, F.; and Papa, A.; and Parida, M. A.; and Parker, A.; and Pascucci, W.; and Pasqualetti, D.; and Passaquieti, A.; and Passuello, R.; and Patil, D.; and Patricelli, M.; and Pearlstone, B.; and Pedraza, B. L.; and Pedurand, M.; and Pekowsky, R.; and Pele, L.; and Penn, A.; and Perez, S.; and Perreca, C. J.; and Perri, A.; and Pfeiffer, L. M.; and Phelps, H. P.; and Piccinni, M.; and Pichot, O. J.; and Piergiovanni, M.; and Pierro, F.; and Pillant, V.; and Pinard, G.; and Pinto, L.; and Pirello, I. M.; and Pitkin, M.; and Poe, M.; and Poggiani, M.; and Popolizio, R.; and Porter, P.; and Post, E. K.; and Powell, A.; and Prasad, J.; and Pratt, J.; and Pratten, J. W. W.; and Predoi, G.; and Prestegard, V.; and Prijatelj, T.; and Principe, M.; and Privitera, M.; and Prodi, S.; and Prokhorov, G. A.; and Puncken, L. G.; and Punturo, O.; and Puppo, M.; and Puerrer, P.; and Qi, M.; and Quetschke, H.; and Quintero, V.; and Quitzow-James, E. A.; and Raab, R.; and Rabeling, F. J.; and Radkins, D. S.; and Raffai, H.; and Raja, P.; and Rajan, S.; and Rajbhandari, C.; and Rakhmanov, B.; and Ramirez, M.; and Ramos-Buades, K. E.; and Rapagnani, A.; and Raymond, P.; and Razzano, V.; and Read, M.; and Regimbau, J.; and Rei, T.; and Reid, L.; and Reitze, S.; and Ren, D. H.; and Reyes, W.; and Ricci, S. D.; and Ricker, F.; and Rieger, P. M.; and Riles, S.; and Rizzo, K.; and Robertson, M.; and Robie, N. A.; and Robinet, R.; and Rocchi, F.; and Rolland, A.; and Rollins, L.; and Roma, J. G.; and Romano, V. J.; and Romano, J. D.; and Romel, R.; and Romie, C. L.; and Rosinska, J. H.; and Ross, D.; and Rowan, M. P.; and Ruediger, S.; and Ruggi, A.; and Rutins, P.; and Ryan, G.; and Sachdev, K.; and Sadecki, S.; and Sadeghian, I.; and Sakellariadou, L.; and Salconi, M.; and Saleem, L.; and Salemi, M.; and Samajdar, F.; and Sammut, A.; and Sampson, L.; and Sanchez, L. M.; and Sanchez, E. J.; and Sanchis-Gual, L. E.; and Sandberg, N.; and Sanders, V.; and Sassolas, J. R.; and Sathyaprakash, B.; and Saulson, B. S.; and Sauter, P. R.; and Savage, O.; and Sawadsky, R. L.; and Schale, A.; and Scheel, P.; and Schauer, M.; and Schmidt, J.; and Schmidt, J.; and Schnabel, P.; and Schofield, R.; and Schoenbeck, R. M. S.; and Schreiber, A.; and Schuette, E.; and Schulte, D.; and Schutz, B. W.; and Schwalbe, B. F.; and Scott, S. G.; and Scott, J.; and Seidel, S. M.; and Sellers, E.; and Sengupta, D.; and Sentenac, A. S.; and Sequino, D.; and Sergeev, V.; and Shaddock, A.; and Shaffer, D. A.; and Shah, T. J.; and Shahriar, A. A.; and Shaner, M. S.; and Shao, M. B.; and Shapiro, L.; and Shawhan, B.; and Shepard, P.; and Shoemaker, A.; and Shoemaker, D. H.; and Siellez, D. M.; and Siemens, K.; and Sieniawska, X.; and Sigg, M.; and Silva, D.; and Singer, A. D.; and Singh, L. P.; and Singhal, A.; and Sintes, A.; and Slagmolen, A. M.; and Smith, B. J. J.; and Smith, B.; and Smith, J. R.; and Somala, R. J. E.; and Son, S.; and Sonnenberg, E. J.; and Sorazu, J. N.; and Sorrentino, B.; and Souradeep, F.; and Spencer, T.; and Srivastava, A. P.; and Staats, A. K.; and Staley, K.; and Steer, A.; and Steinke, D.; and Steinlechner, M.; and Steinlechner, J.; and Steinmeyer, S.; and Stevenson, D.; and Stone, S. P.; and Stops, R.; and Strain, D. J.; and Stratta, K. A.; and Strigin, G.; and Strunk, S. E.; and Sturani, A.; and Stuver, R.; and Summerscales, A. L.; and Sun, T. Z.; and Sunil, L.; and Suresh, S.; and Sutton, J.; and Swinkels, P. J.; and Szczepanczyk, B. L.; and Tacca, M. J.; and Tait, M.; and Talbot, S. C.; and Talukder, C.; and Tanner, D.; and Tapai, D. B.; and Taracchini, M.; and Tasson, A.; and Taylor, J. D.; and Taylor, J. A.; and Tewari, R.; and Theeg, S. V.; and Thies, T.; and Thomas, F.; and Thomas, E. G.; and Thomas, M.; and Thorne, P.; and Thrane, K. A.; and Tiwari, E.; and Tiwari, S.; and Tokmakov, V.; and Toland, K. V.; and Tonelli, K.; and Tornasi, M.; and Torres-Forne, Z.; and Torrie, N.; and Toyra, C. I.; and Travasso, D.; and Traylor, F.; and Trinastic, G.; and Tringali, J.; and Trozzon, M. C.; and Tsang, L.; and Tse, K. W.; and Tso, M.; and Tsukada, R.; and Tsuna, L.; and Tuyenbayev, D.; and Ueno, D.; and Ugolini, K.; and Unnikrishnan, D.; and Urban, C. S.; and Usman, A. L.; and Vahlbruch, S. A.; and Vajente, H.; and Valdese, G.; and van Bakel, G.; and van Beuzekom, N.; and van den Brand, M.; and Van den Broeck, J. F. J.; and Vander-Hyde, C.; and van der Schaaf, D. C.; and van Heijningen, L.; and van Veggel, J. V.; and Vardaro, A. A.; and Varma, M.; and Vass, V.; and Vasuth, S.; and Vecchio, M.; and Vedovato, A.; and Veitch, G.; and Veitch, J.; and Venkateswara, P. J.; and Venugopalan, K.; and Verkindt, G.; and Vetrano, D.; and Vicere, F.; and Viets, A.; and Vinciguerra, A. D.; and Vine, S.; and Vinet, D. J.; and Vitale, J. -. Y.; and Vo, S.; and Vocca, T.; and Vorvick, H.; and Vyatchanin, C.; and Wade, S. P.; and Wade, A. R.; and Wade, L. 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doi:10.1038/nature24471

On 17 August 2017, the Advanced LIGO(1) and Virgo(2) detectors observed the gravitational-wave event GW170817-a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system(3). Less than two seconds after the merger, a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source(4-6). This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities(7), resulting in the identification(8-13) of an optical transient signal within about ten arcseconds of the galaxy NGC 4993. This detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves represents the first `multi-messenger' astronomical observation. Such observations enable GW170817 to be used as a `standard siren'(14-18) (meaning that the absolute distance to the source can be determined directly from the gravitational-wave measurements) to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Here we report a measurement of the Hubble constant that combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using the electromagnetic data. In contrast to previous measurements, ours does not require the use of a cosmic `distance ladder'(19): the gravitational-wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec. This value is consistent with existing measurements(20,21), while being completely independent of them. Additional standard siren measurements from future gravitational-wave sources will enable the Hubble constant to be constrained to high precision.