Tutela e Pianiicazione delle aree costiere: alcuni casi del Medio Adriatico

Climate change will undoubtedly inluence our lives in the coming decades, increasing the amount of coastal erosion, loods, and landslides. he most disastrous events will be associated to greater frequency or intensity of extreme events. Up to now, hard structures were have been used for defense, but in the case of mid-Adriatic coasts they have often led to accelerated erosion in nearby areas. In face of these phenomena, a diferent methodological approach is needed, one that is capable of generating greater synergy between projects and advanced technological solutions. his requires new responsibility in planning instruments, to accept risk prevention/protection measures within the ordinary process of regulating territorial transformations. It also represents a great opportunity for the landscape project to defend, protect, and enhance the coastal territory. he Management Plan for the Sentina Reserve and the Nature Structure Plan for the Borsacchio Reserve in the mid-Adriatic area represent useful experiences in this direction. he Sentina Reserve is located in the coastal area immediately north of the mouth of Tronto River, on the border between the Marche and Abruzzo Regions. Extending over a rolling terrain of about 178 hectares, the reserve presents the remains of ecological conditions that have now disappeared along the Marche coast due to anthropization. Starting in 1951, this area was the object of intensive modiications made by the Tronto Reclamation Consortium, which, in order to recover areas to begin cultivation, saw to its almost total burial and drainage. In addition to the diculty of draining the area, marine invasion, which is produced by the strongest storm surges, has also been added in recent years. Other environmental problems linked to coastal risk are also added to the effects of hydraulic reclamation, intrusive marine mechanisms, and coastal erosion. he Borsacchio territory in the Province of Teramo, further to the south, represents one of the few tracts in Abruzzo along the Adriatic coast that still retains a natural character and environmental and landscape integrity. Originally extending over about 1100 hectares, the reserve includes a hilly area with slopes that can be rather steep interspersed with waterways; it is used almost entirely for agricultural purposes. It also includes a substantially free coastal plain followed by the low, mostly sandy beach. While with diferent means, the measures implemented within the Management Plan and the Nature Structure Plan to counteract coastal erosion assume the content and form of “Landscape Plans and Projects”. In fact, the plans establish the goal of activating resilient processes to contrast phenomena related to the disappearance of entire areas of natural worth in strongly anthropized territorial contexts. he interventions established do not deal with individual works, but rather a complex of works for the overall protection of the coastal ecosystem; they are connected to deining new means of territorial development centred on the theme of sustainable coexistence between humans and nature. All of this lies in a view of protection and renaturalization, but also of promoting and developing compatible anthropic uses and activities. In both cases, the landscape plan and projects constitute: the strategic framework of reference to manage the territorial context and identify the structural aspects to be protected; the regulatory framework, which expresses the discipline of uses, activities, and admissible interventions to recover, enhance, or transform the protected territory; and the justifying framework to orient the choices made at other sites and on behalf of other interested subjects.