LEGISLATION FOR (OR AGAINST) THE SAFEKEEPING AND VALORISATION OF HISTORICAL QUARRIES AND THE LANDSCAPE: PRACTICES, CONTRADICTIONS AND ALTERNATIVES The numerous quarries and mines scattered throughout Italy have often been likened to deep scars on a defenceless landscape and their presence bears witness to extractive activities that have been underway since ancient times. The results of such activity can be seen in the alteration of the landscape value of the territory, in the modification of surface hydrography, and in the artificialisation and degradation of the surrounding landscape, effects that are often amplified by the presence of landfills, etc. There continues to be little or no planning of mining activities even today and few regions have adopted adequate territorial policies in this regard. In fact, the main reference in the legislation regulating quarries and mines is still the Decree N°. 1443 of 1927, enforced at a time when subsoil resources were mainly exploited for their economic benefits with little regard for the environment. Presidential Decree N° 616/1977 transferred administrative functions relating to quarrying activities to the Regions and the relevant legislation was regulated by regional laws oriented towards environmental recovery. However, nine Italian regions have yet to enforce quarry plans, and in the regions where such regulatory measures have been taken, the lack of effective and continuous monitoring by the supervisory authorities has often led to their failure. The study starts with a brief overview of the history of the regulations governing the recovery of quarries and mines in Europe and then goes on to analyse national legislation, highlighting the strong historical, landscape-environmental and socio-economic implications which must necessarily be taken into account in the correct management of the entire process. In so doing, the article aims to focus on what kind of driving forces and economic and technical innovations move a sector that is itself strongly connected to construction and infrastructure. Particular attention will be paid to the problems of inadequate and flawed legislation as well as to the roles and skills that are needed for the recovery of this patrimony.
Le attività estrattive effettuate fin dall’antichità hanno determinato la presenza su tutto il contesto nazionale di cave e miniere, spesso percepibili come ampie ferite inferte ad un territorio inerme. Gli effetti dell’attività estrattiva sono visibili nell’alterazione del valore paesaggistico del territorio, nella modificazione dell’idrografia superficiale e nell’artificializzazione e degrado del paesaggio circostante, effetto spesso amplificato dalla presenza di discariche ecc.. L’assenza di una pianificazione delle attività estrattive in Italia è una condizione ancora diffusa e sono poche le regioni dotate di adeguate politiche territoriali in merito. Infatti la legge n. 1443 del 1927 è ancora oggi il riferimento principe nel quadro normativo in materia di cave e miniere e, tenendo conto del contesto storico in cui è stata realizzata, promuove lo sfruttamento delle risorse del sottosuolo al fine di perseguire il miglior vantaggio economico senza una adeguata attenzione per l’ambiente. Con il DPR 616/1977 le funzioni amministrative relative alle attività di cava sono state trasferite alle Regioni e la normativa in materia è stata regolamentata dalla legislazione regionale che ha posto l’attenzione sul recupero ambientale, tuttavia in nove Regioni italiane non sono però ancora in vigore i piani cava, e nelle regioni che sono provviste dei suddetti piani, l’assenza di controlli durante l’intero iter da parte degli enti preposti comporta spesso il fallimento delle disposizioni normative. Lo studio, dopo un breve inquadramento storico e normativo in materia di recupero delle cave e delle miniere in ambito europeo, analizza la normativa nazionale e, evidenziando le forti implicazioni storiche, paesaggistico-ambientali e socioeconomiche che devono necessariamente essere poste alla base di una corretta gestione dell’intero processo, intende focalizzare l’attenzione su quelle che sono le spinte e i risvolti economici e tecnici, che muovono un settore di per sé fortemente connesso con l'edilizia e le infrastrutture, e in particolare sull’inadeguatezza legislativa e i vizi normativi, nonché sui ruoli e sulle competenze che dovrebbero essere preposte al recupero di tale patrimonio.
La normativa per (o contro) la tutela e la valorizzazione delle cave storiche e del paesaggio: prassi, contraddizioni e alternative
Maria Giovanna Putzu
Primo
;
2020-01-01
Abstract
LEGISLATION FOR (OR AGAINST) THE SAFEKEEPING AND VALORISATION OF HISTORICAL QUARRIES AND THE LANDSCAPE: PRACTICES, CONTRADICTIONS AND ALTERNATIVES The numerous quarries and mines scattered throughout Italy have often been likened to deep scars on a defenceless landscape and their presence bears witness to extractive activities that have been underway since ancient times. The results of such activity can be seen in the alteration of the landscape value of the territory, in the modification of surface hydrography, and in the artificialisation and degradation of the surrounding landscape, effects that are often amplified by the presence of landfills, etc. There continues to be little or no planning of mining activities even today and few regions have adopted adequate territorial policies in this regard. In fact, the main reference in the legislation regulating quarries and mines is still the Decree N°. 1443 of 1927, enforced at a time when subsoil resources were mainly exploited for their economic benefits with little regard for the environment. Presidential Decree N° 616/1977 transferred administrative functions relating to quarrying activities to the Regions and the relevant legislation was regulated by regional laws oriented towards environmental recovery. However, nine Italian regions have yet to enforce quarry plans, and in the regions where such regulatory measures have been taken, the lack of effective and continuous monitoring by the supervisory authorities has often led to their failure. The study starts with a brief overview of the history of the regulations governing the recovery of quarries and mines in Europe and then goes on to analyse national legislation, highlighting the strong historical, landscape-environmental and socio-economic implications which must necessarily be taken into account in the correct management of the entire process. In so doing, the article aims to focus on what kind of driving forces and economic and technical innovations move a sector that is itself strongly connected to construction and infrastructure. Particular attention will be paid to the problems of inadequate and flawed legislation as well as to the roles and skills that are needed for the recovery of this patrimony.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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