B.E.S.T.: Building Elements Smart Technology

Abstract Scientific studies have long proven that buildings are responsible for about 40% of world energy consumption, and the percentage is even higher in Italy. In recent years, parameters for new buildings have been established to reduce energy consumption; this did not happen for existing buildings, however, in which the requirements are waived due to their historical features. The proposed research addresses the issue of energy efficiency when upgrading existing buildings, with particular focus on actions related to vertical transparent building elements. These elements were analyzed through solid and thermo-fluid dynamics simulations, through the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, in order to evaluate their thermal and environmental performance. The analysis led to identification of the most important energetic shortcomings in the vertical transparent building elements most commonly used in old buildings. We studied a highly efficient and smart transparent closure module that integrates the use of materials, innovative technological systems and as small approach the home automation applications based on the Micro- Electrical-Mechanical-System (MEMS). This module interacts with existing elements in order to correct weaknesses. The system developed, which serves as a first experimental prototype, allows the thermal performance of existing vertical transparent elements to be improved. These will not be replaced, but rather integrated with the module studied. Moreover, the system significantly improves indoor comfort through the use and integration of micro-systems to mechanically control natural ventilation, shading systems and the possible integration of minimal-sized elements for air-conditioning.