Editorial: Reactive Oxygen Species in Stem Cells

Stem cells are defined by their unique ability to self-renew and their multipotent differentiation capacity, thus maintaining tissue homeostasis throughout the life of a multicellular organism. Stem cells reside in niches characterized by hypoxia and low reactive oxygen species (ROS), both of which are critical for maintaining the potential for selfrenewal and stemness. Until recently, the focus in stem cell biology has been on the adverse effects of ROS, particularly the damaging effects of ROS accumulation on tissue aging and the development of cancer. However, it has become increasingly clear that, in some cases, redox status plays an important role in stem cell maintenance, that is, regulation of the cell cycle. In fact, ROS at low levels function as signaling molecules to mediate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation and gene expression. ROS levels in stem and progenitor cells have a clear correlation with cellular functions and are regulated by a fine-tuning of the balance between ROS-generating and antioxidant defense systems